Jorge Rascon, Myriam Encinas , Lian de la Pue nte, Essays

Jorge Rascon, Myriam Encinas , Lian de la Pue nte, Javier Sobarzo, Jose Rodrigue z, Francisco Carrillo, Ana Lagarda, Juan Ceballos y Susy Martinez. The advantages in selection and cleansing. The association Pata de Perro is devoted to help lost pooches. This association has an uncommon program where they require the assistance of volunteers, the practice environmental awareness venture, the instructive program, this is the point at which they go to schools and give a discourse about would could it be that they do. Probably the greatest program they have is where you can help gather pledges cash for future disinfections. The individuals at Pata de Perro are the ones dealing with the canines. The volunteers work without being paid. Volunteers are regularly the ones who sell things, for example, beds, collars and even homes. The cash is utilized for gifts to creature covers and other creature consideration administrations. In the city of numerous urban areas, there are a huge number of lost mutts strolling around putting their life in danger while scanning for food and sanctuary. All around there are a gauge of 500 million pooches, of which roughly 80% are stray or undesirable. Some of them were left by their proprietors, others experienced childhood in the boulevards. As indicated by the Ministry of wellbeing in 2015, there are 123,299 canines in Hermosillo, Sonora and 73,979 of them live in the city. A large portion of them end up wiped out, hurt and even dead. The fundamental motivation behind why there are many lost pooches is on the grounds that canines imitate quick and in extraordinary sums. In normal, they can have 6 mutts, yet it relies upon the variety and sizes, for instance, huge pooches can have up to 14 doggies, while the little ones, can have from 1 to 5. In the event that they have a great deal of young doggies they can't deal with every one of them, so they end up deserted on boulevard s. This is miserable in light of the fact that they are brought into the world just to endure. Thus cleansing comes helpful and we might have the option to keep hounds from being brought into the world just to be left amazing. Cleansing it's a careful technique through which the vet expels the regenerative organs. Humanes affiliations and sanctuaries are vocal advocates of sanitization for populace control. As indicated by the Humane Society of the United States, 6 to 8 million pooches and felines enter shields every year, and at any rate half of them are euthanized. The association likewise computes that a rich canine can create 6 to 10 little guys in a year; that implies that the female and her posterity can, hypothetically, produce 67,000 undesirable pooches over a range of six years. Lost canines need to manage a ton of troubles, the greatest of them is the quantity of instances of creature misuse. In 2016 there where about 60% of instances of creature misuse including hounds. In numerous nations, including Mexico, creature misuse is possibly rebuffed when the creature who is being manhandled has a proprietor. While the abusers of homeless canines have done it without having a lawful result, in any event, when the maltreatment winds up executing the pooch. To have the option to ensure them selection can be an extraordinary arrangement and opportunity since you are not just giving them a home, you are removing them from the abuses of our general public. Before receiving you should be capable enough to have the option to deal with another life that is not yours. The absolute greatest advantages of reception are the way that you get unqualified love and the ability to have the option to spare a real existence. A creature needs numerous things to have the option to carry on with a glad and solid life. Pets need a spotless space to rest, food, a spot to do their necessities and a spot where they can run free. The pets will value all that you accomplish for them. They will be upbeat and steadfast. Pooches are viewed as a companions and incredible friend s. Having a canine in your family can really assist you with your wellbeing, genuinely and mentally. At the point when you are pushed, having a pooch diminishes the degree of stress you have. Pooches help individuals to be less inclined to have a cardiovascular failure; they help to address

Kirchhoffs Laws for Current and Voltage

Kirchhoff's Laws for Current and Voltage In 1845, German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff originally portrayed two laws that got key to electrical building. Kirchhoffs Current Law, otherwise called Kirchhoffs Junction Law, and Kirchhoffs First Law, characterize how electrical flow is appropriated when it crosses through an intersection a point where at least three conduits meet. Put another way, Kirchhoffs Laws express that the entirety of all flows leaving a hub in an electrical system is constantly equivalent to zero, notes Resistor Guide. These laws are incredibly helpful, in actuality, since they portray the connection of estimations of flows that move through an intersection point and voltages in an electrical circuit circle, clarifies Rapid Tables. At the end of the day, these standards portray how electrical flow streams in the entirety of the billions of electric machines and gadgets, just as all through homes and organizations, that are being used constantly on Earth. Kirchhoffs Laws: The Basics In particular, the laws express that: The logarithmic total of current into any intersection is zero. Since current is the progression of electrons through a conductor, it can't develop at an intersection, implying that current is saved: What goes in must come out. You can consider maybe the most notable case of an intersection: an intersection box. These cases are introduced on most houses: They are the crates that contain the wiring through which all power in the home must stream. When performing estimations, at that point, the present streaming into and out of the intersection commonly has inverse signs. You can likewise state Kirchhoffs Current Law as: The whole of current into an intersection approaches the aggregate of current out of the intersection. You can additionally overstep down the two laws all the more explicitly. Kirchhoffs Current Law In the image, an intersection of four transmitters (wires) is appeared. The flows i2 and i3 are streaming into the intersection, while i1 and i4 stream out of it. In this model, Kirchhoffs Junction Rule yields the accompanying condition: I 2 I 3 I 1 I 4 Kirchhoffs Voltage Law Kirchhoffs Voltage Law depicts the dispersion of electricalâ voltage inside a circle, or shut directing way, of an electrical circuit. In particular, Kirchhoffs Voltage Law expresses that: The logarithmic aggregate of the voltage (potential) contrasts in any circle must rise to zero. The voltage contrasts incorporate those related with electromagnetic fields (emfs) and resistive components, for example, resistors, power hotspots (for instance, batteries) or gadgets, (for example, lights, TVs, and blenders) connected to the circuit. As such, you can picture this as the voltage rising and falling as you continue around any of the individual circles in the circuit. Kirchhoffs Voltage Law comes about on the grounds that the electrostatic field inside an electric circuit is a preservationist power field. Truth be told, the voltage speaks to the electrical vitality in the framework, so it tends to be thought of as a particular instance of preservation of vitality. As you circumvent a circle, when you show up at the beginning stage has a similar potential as it did when you started, so any increments and diminishes along the circle need to offset for an all out difference in zero. On the off chance that it didnt, at that point the potential toward the beginning/end point would have two unique qualities. Positive and Negative Signs in Kirchhoffs Voltage Law Utilizing the Voltage Rule requires some sign shows, which arent fundamentally as clear as those in the Current Rule. You pick a heading (clockwise or counterclockwise) to come the circle. When heading out from positive to negative ( to - ) in an emf (power source) the voltage drops, so the worth is negative. While going from negative to positive (- to ) the voltage goes up, so the worth is sure. Recall that when heading out around the circuit to apply Kirchhoffs Voltage Law, be certain you are continually going a similar way (clockwise or counterclockwise) to decide if a given component speaks to an expansion or lessening in the voltage. In the event that you start hopping around, moving in various headings, your condition will be off base. When crossing a resistor, the voltage change is controlled by the equation I*R, where I is the estimation of the current and R is the obstruction of the resistor. Intersection a similar way as the present methods the voltage goes down, so its worth is negative. When crossing a resistor toward the path inverse the current, the voltage esteem is sure (the voltage is expanding). Applying Kirchhoffs Voltage Law The most fundamental applications for Kirchhoffs Laws are corresponding to electrical circuits. You may recall from center school material science that power in a circuit must stream one consistent way. In the event that you sever the circuit-by flipping a light switch-you are breaking the circuit, and henceforth killing the light. When you flip the switch, you reconnect the circuit, and the lights return on. Or on the other hand, consider hanging lights on your home or Christmas tree. On the off chance that only one light extinguishes, the whole series of lights goes out. This is on the grounds that the power, halted by the messed up light, has no spot to go. Its basically equivalent to killing the light switch and breaking the circuit. The other part of this as to Kirchhoffs Laws is that the whole of all power going into and streaming out of an intersection must be zero: The power going into the intersection (and streaming around the circuit) must rise to zero on the grounds that the power that goes in must likewise come out. In this way, next time youre chipping away at your intersection box (or watching a circuit tester doing as such), hanging electric occasion lights, or even simply killing on or your TV or PC, recall that Kirchhoff previously portrayed how everything functions, subsequently introducing the time of power that the world presently appreciates.

SMART Goals Template for Lifestyle Change

SMART Goals Template for Lifestyle Change Stress Management Management Techniques Print SMART Goals for Lifestyle Change Set Effective Health Goals Using This Method and Template By Mark Stibich, PhD  Mark Stibich, PhD, FIDSA, is a behavior change expert with experience helping individuals make lasting lifestyle improvements. Learn about our editorial policy Mark Stibich, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 12, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Geber86 / E+ / Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Setting SMART goals is a method that is used in creating a goal that is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-based. The SMART criteria help to incorporate guidance and realistic direction in goal setting, which increases motivation and leads to better results in achieving lasting change. When setting healthy lifestyle objectives, a goal of aiming to walk for 30 minutes, five times per week, for a period of four weeks is a SMART goal, while an overall goal of simply wanting to be healthier or having less stress is too vague and does not incorporate the SMART criteria. Goal Setting the SMART Way Taking some time to recognize your objectives and use the SMART criteria listed below will help you put more detail and direction into setting your health and lifestyle goals: S: Specific Start by stating the objective you wish to meet as specifically as possible. If your plan is to lose weight in order to have more energy, a goal of “lose 20 pounds” is more specific than simply saying my resolution is to lose weight.”Being specific helps to incorporate the method into the goal, not just the outcome.Create your goal as an instruction whereby you tell yourself what to do. Try creating a statement for your goal, such as “I want to lose 20 pounds by increasing my exercise to four times a week, reducing sugar in my diet, and controlling portion size.” M: Measurable Adding quantifiable or measurable criteria to your goal will allow you to measure progress as you work towards achieving your goal.Being able to count off the numbers as you progress will feel good, and measuring can help keep you from cheating. The goal of “lose 20 pounds” can be gradually measured by a scale, and exercising four times per week can be tracked on a calendar.Consider creative methods of tracking your progress. If you want to reduce stress, devise a stress measure for yourself, like the number of times you get upset every day. Keep a log and record each stressful reaction.Measuring results can help you adjust your goals as you work towards meeting your objectives. When it comes to stress, you can watch for trends, such as situations that cause you more stress, so that you can avoid them or respond differently in the future. A: Attainable Do not set yourself up for failure by selecting unattainable goals. For example, setting a goal to lose that 20 pounds in a two week period is both difficult to do and unhealthy to achieve. Goals should be ambitious but not impossible. Choose a goal that you are confident you can reach, but that will challenge you to follow through with smaller, more attainable actions required to achieve it.Break large goals into smaller goals and spell out the process required to achieve your objectives.Make sure that the process is also realistic so that you can achieve all of the individual steps that you need. If you dont have time, supplies, or the right location, make adjustments to your methods and goals. R: Relevant Your goal should be meaningful to you, set by you and not set by someone else.Each step of attaining the goal should make sense. If you want to lose weight, be sure to select a type of exercise that you enjoy. Zumba, jogging, cycling, and swimming are all exercises that can help you lose weight, but not everyone considers each of these enjoyable. Pick the method that is right for you. Setting the Right Goals for Your Weight Loss Success If you dont actually care about the goal, you are unlikely to work on it. For example, if your goal is to eat vegan to lose those 20 pounds that are weighing you down, but you dont actually enjoy vegan foods or truly believe that it will produce the desired outcome, then you are far less likely to achieve your goal of losing 20 pounds.The goal should be inspiring enough that it motivates you to succeed. If you are not determined to meet your goal, obstacles will be very difficult to overcome.For example, if your doctor says, “lose weight” and your spouse says, “lose weight,” but you are not inspired by this statement, find another goal that also improves your health while you try to find a way to become inspired about weight loss. For example, it might be much more inspiring to you to say, I want to have more energy to play with my kids or I want to fit back into my college football jersey in order to feel inspired to create smaller, process-based goals that work towards your desires and wishes. T: Time Based When will you achieve your goal? You need to choose a time that is realistic but not too far off into the future.Saying “I will lose 20 pounds in three months” is good, but saying “I will lose an average of 2 pounds every week, for 10 weeks” is better for motivation as you track your progress. Get Started with a Template Use the following sentence as a template to set your SMART goal:I will [your goal here] by [how you will do the goal]. I will know I am making progress because [how you will measure the goal] for [time goes here]. For example, I will lose 20 pounds by doing cardio and weight training at the gym four times a week, cutting back on sugar and controlling portion size. I will know I am making progress because I will lose two pounds a week for 10 weeks. Tips for Success You dont have to wait for New Years Eve to set your SMART goals. There is no better time to start than today, but keep in mind that the method requires a bit of practice. The following tips can help you better achieve success in reaching your goals: Focus on process goals instead of just an outcome. Focussing on an outcome gives you a target, but it doesnt address how you will reach the goal.Work on changing behaviors and habits.For sustained lifestyle changes, feel free to set long-term goals to keep the big picture in mind. However, break down the long-term goal into a series of smaller short-term goals in order to track progress and keep yourself motivated.Write your SMART goal down. This will allow you to go back to your goal to reference and review. 10 Ways of Journaling Your Way to Better Goals in Your Life Share it with others. Its much more difficult to give up on your goals when others know about it.Don’t set yourself up for failure by taking on too much or setting an unattainable goal. For example, if you work an office job 65 hours a week, do not set a goal of going to the gym seven days a week for 2 hours a day unless that is actually a feasible workout schedule for you.Remember that someone elses goals are not your goals. Your goals have to be meaningful and attainable for you.Accept that sometimes things happen and failing to reach a goal is part of the learning process. Do not beat yourself up and instead evaluate your progress and your goals to see whether you missed a SMART criterion or step. Simply readjust your goals, and jump back in. 10 Ways to Have Fewer Regrets by the End of the Week

The Impact of the Internet on Society Essays - 676 Words

The Impact of the Internet on Society The internet is a big impact on our society today. It has been around for quite some time. In fact, in 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency initiated a research to develop communication protocols that would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation initiated the development of the NSFNET which provides a major backbone communication service for the internet. Both public domain and commercial implementations of TCP/IP suites became available in the 1980’s. Then in 1991, the internet grew to include some 5,000 networks in over three dozen countries (A Brief History). Many†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the largest risks that an individual takes when venturing into a relationship on the net is that they do not know who they are communicating with† (Evans). A person can easily make their own identity when chatting online so they can pretend to be someone they aren’t. The internet is also a big part of what students use in school. Many people use it as a tool to help them to enhance their education. Without the internet, a large majority of people would be lost in doing their school work because a lot of information comes from the internet. The negative impact the internet has on school work is that while doing school work, students may be distracted by all the wonderful sites the internet has available. Students sometimes think about checking email for a short period of time and taking a break from work but they lose track of time because the internet has so many sites to look at. There are so many great things the internet has impacted upon me personally. I have used the internet for so many things whether it’s chatting, emailing, checking out new websites, or just browsing the web. I mostly look at the internet from a positive point of view because I have family that lives in California and other parts of Kentucky that I do not get to see often at all. Being able to communicate with them through email has been very beneficial for me and my family to keep in touch. The only negative impact theShow MoreRelatedInternet And Its Impact On Society Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Definition of the internet 3 1.3 History of the internet 3 1.4 Internet use 3 1.4.1 Internet use world-wide 3 1.4.2 Internet use in Kenya 3 1.5 Impact of the internet 3 1.6 Conclusion 4 â€Æ' 1.1 Introduction In order to achieve political, economic and personal advancement, the internet has played a major role in it. The internet, according to Wikipedia, has many uses that include data sharing, e-commerce, booking of tickets, socializingRead MoreInternet Impact on Society1636 Words   |  7 PagesVillasenor Ms. DeHart English III Honors May 20, 2008 Internet Impact on Society The internet has influenced, and is still influencing the way society communicates in many different ways. The rise of the internet has caused people to communicate differently in areas never dreamed of before the internet came into existence. Education has been revolutionized through the world of the â€Å"Information Super Highway†. Medicine has also seen reform as the internet improves research and communication. IndividualsRead MoreThe Internet And Its Impact On Society1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet plays a huge role in today’s society. Everything in today’s world revolves around the Internet. Individuals use it to pay bills, access social media, email, etc. Most individuals do not know that they would not be able to access any of these privileges if they did not exist. A web server is a client/server process. It uses a specific software to fulfill a client’s web page request by finding, selecting, and forming the web page to be transmitted to the client’s device. This would beRead MoreThe Impact of Internet on Our Society1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Internet on Our Society Wong Yiu Cheung The emergence of the Internet allows people in all over the world to share the information by connecting computers together. Its development has reached to carry the large numbers of data that we have not imagined before. It also brings impact on the real life by creating brand new tools, platforms, and attempts to satisfy people’s wants only when they are holding a device that can access to the Internet. The impacts are both positive andRead MoreThe Internet And Its Impact On Our Society Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to achieve political, economic and personal advancement, the internet has played a major role in it. The internet, according to Wikipedia, has many uses that include data sharing, e-commerce, booking of tickets, socializing, job searching, entertainment and also in e-learning. With advancements in technology, the number of users of the internet are increasing daily. With internet speed increasing over time, the Internet brings knowledge and informat ion on nearly every subject imaginable straightRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Society Drastic changes in society have occurred since the invention and implementation of the Internet. It has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn, and the way we trade. Communication trends have formed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. The nature of informational resources has also shifted because of the Internet. Many businesses are now going on-line to offer services never before offered, changing how the economy works. TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Society1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe onset of the internet has caused a great impact on the society. Many social changes have occurred as a result of the vast availability of information brought about by technological advancement. For instance, one cannot sit still for even one hour reading a book before being distracted by the familiar screen of a smart phone. How we think and communicate has changed considerably from the onset of the internet which has been further increased by the arrival of social media platforms. Effects causedRead More The Impact of the Internet on Society Essay5976 Words   |  24 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Society The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in peoples homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of DefensesRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Internet On Society1428 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumer driven society where we constantly want the latest product. Because of this huge demands for product production can go into overhaul this in turn is making the product cheaper. In a capitalist society it is all about supply and demand and as the supply increases the product becomes cheaper. Shapcott write in 1995 (Reference) that, The Internet isn t free. It just has an economy that makes no sense to capitalism. This essay will outline and explore the eff ect the modern internet is having onRead MoreThe Impact Of The Internet On Human Society1128 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years the internet has been advancing the way human society works on a day to day basis. It has created a revolution into the future that no one saw coming. Unless of course, you’re name was Steve Jobs. He knew what technology would do to the human society, but I don’t think he saw some of the problems that came along with technology. Humans have always been improving technology but the internet has been improving at an increasingly rapid pace. Along with the internet improving at a rapid

Iphs Standards for 100 Bedded Hospital - 16137 Words

DRAFT Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) For 51 to 100 Bedded Sub-District/Sub-Divisional Hospitals GUIDELINES (January 2007) Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health Family Welfare Government of India 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Objectives of IPHS for Sub-District Hospitals 3. Definition of Sub-District Hospital 4. Grading of Sub-District Hospital 5. Functions 6. Essential Services 7. Physical Infrastructure 8. Manpower 9. Equipment 10. Laboratory Services 11. Recommended allocation of bed strength at various levels 12. List of Drugs 13. Capacity Building 14. Quality Assurance in Services 15. Rogi Kalyan Samities / Hospital Management Committee 16. Citizen’s Charter Annexure – I: Guidelines for Bio-Medical†¦show more content†¦The timeframe for implementation and achievement of these Standards could be extended for five years and to be done in phases. Most of the existing hospitals below district level (51-100 Bed category) are located in older buildings in urbanized areas / towns as compared to most Primary Health Centres / Sub-centres. The expansions already done have resulted in construction touching the boundaries walls with no scope of further expansions. As far as possible, States should not dislocate the said hospitals to a new location (in case of dislocating to a new location, the original client group will not be able to have same access to the desired health facilities) 2. Objectives of Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for Sub-District Hospitals: The overall objective of IPHS is to provide health care that is quality oriented and sensitive to the needs of the people of the district. The specific objectives of IPHS for Sub District Hospitals are: i. ii. iii. To provide comprehensive secondary health care (specialist and referral services) to the community through the Sub District Hospital. To achieve and maintain an acceptable standard of quality of care. To make the services more responsive and sensitive to the needs of the people of the district and act as the First Referral Unit (FRU) for the hospitals/centers from which the cases are referred to the Sub District hospitals Definition of Sub District hospitals 3. The term Sub DistrictShow MoreRelated‚Äà ºa Contemporary View on Health Care System in Bangladesh.‚Äà ¹14806 Words   |  60 Pagesof ‘Thailand: Centre of Excellent Health Care of Asia’, India is building an e-health industry and Singapore is building hospitals abroad. When scenarios are like that where the health sector of Bangladesh ? Here we try to get a idea about what is the real scenario of various related issues like access to health-relate knowledge and technology, the provision of new hospital and aliened health institution and the availability of health professionals. 1.1 objectives of the report The objective

Positive Behavior Interventions Free Essays

Positive Behavior Interventions Managing classroom behavior is one of the tasks most challenging for beginning teachers and even some veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- year teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and discipline in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals’ behavior that interrupts the other students learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Behavior Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now A research was designed to show how a specific management strategy helped decrease inappropriate behavior and increase appropriate behavior. The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The study was looking at the effects of teachers prompting appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle school students. Prompts are used as reminders and they can be verbal, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8. The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old male in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were academically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where problem behaviors were most likely to occur for each student. The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students’ on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt addressed to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated every other day and it was â€Å"Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best! † The results showed that both students engaged in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not. The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that prompting increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be implemented successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal training and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior. In my classroom now I have many behavior problems in my last period class. They will talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One day I decided to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by saying â€Å"Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question† I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole. The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in different settings and not just in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). Prompting should be used inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepensky, K. , Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi: 10. 1177/1098300711410702 How to cite Positive Behavior Interventions, Papers Positive Behavior Interventions Free Essays Positive Behavior Interventions Managing classroom behavior is one of the tasks most challenging for beginning teachers and even some veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- year teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and discipline in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals’ behavior that interrupts the other students learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Behavior Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now A research was designed to show how a specific management strategy helped decrease inappropriate behavior and increase appropriate behavior. The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The study was looking at the effects of teachers prompting appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle school students. Prompts are used as reminders and they can be verbal, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8. The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old male in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were academically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where problem behaviors were most likely to occur for each student. The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students’ on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt addressed to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated every other day and it was â€Å"Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best! † The results showed that both students engaged in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not. The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that prompting increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be implemented successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal training and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior. In my classroom now I have many behavior problems in my last period class. They will talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One day I decided to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by saying â€Å"Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question† I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole. The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in different settings and not just in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). Prompting should be used inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepensky, K. , Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi: 10. 1177/1098300711410702 How to cite Positive Behavior Interventions, Essay examples

The Thanksgiving Football Game Essay Example For Students

The Thanksgiving Football Game Essay Last Thanksgiving afternoon, on the flat-screen TV in the living room, was WGAL TV Channel 8, an NBC affiliate from Lancaster, PA. It is always shown in my grandparent’s house at night. They were showing NFL football that night– the Seattle Seahawks against the San Francisco 49ers – a game that broadcasters were dubbing it â€Å"the football event of the year† when the real event isn’t until late January/early February (Super Bowl 49). I couldn’t decide if I either wanted to watch the game with my brother Nathan (he’s more into football than me) or throw up in the bathroom. We will write a custom essay on The Thanksgiving Football Game specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Eventually, I took some Pepto-Bismol and decided to watch as much of the game as I possibly could. The whole family was not dressed for the game, but then again, they didn’t have to be. Nausea aside, my family and I were having a decent Thanksgiving. WGAL’s broadcast of the game wasn’t groundbreaking whenever it came down to graphics, but it successfully got the message across. The presentation was strong, with sharp visuals (a normal for football games on high-definition TV), and NBC used plain but clean backgrounds for their transitions from game to advert, advert to game and so forth. Speaking of adverts, they had some big movie trailers, one of them being the upcoming film Jurassic World, which was throughout the day, even during the game. It had me excited and I felt quite nostalgic, something I wish I could say about that dreary final Hobbit film. And the less I hear about â€Å"Peter Pan LIVE†, the better. When it came down to showing certain players, they often used pictures of the players (i. e. Richard Sherman, Colin Kaepernic, etc. ) digitally imposed with the half-color/half-chrome backgrounds at the bottom of the screen, while the game (highlights and all) took up the rest of the screen. In some cases, their statistics were displayed. The camera rarely moved much, except for when someone caught the ball, made a touchdown and such, which works because it helps me see the game easier. The commentators had a strong, upbeat tone to their burly voices, as they made some tasty comments on different plays by each team. But most of the time, they were talking about how the Seahawks managed to win against the 49ers. Their commentary, along with the clean photography (and the Jurassic World trailer) helped make the game more appealing. As for the game, the Seahawks soared through the 49ers’ defense to a final score of 19-3, holding their opponent to 164 yards. Their first step in domination was having Steve Hauschka kick four field goals and holding the 49ers in check. Say what you want about fellow Seahawk Richard Sherman’s behavior, but there’s no denying the cornerback can set up a good touchdown and a well-calculated defensive play, as demonstrated in his performance here. Sherman, in the team’s only touchdown that night, intercepted 49ers QB Colin Kaepernick’s third-down pass (intended for Brandon Lloyd) and returned it five yards to the 49ers’ 45, a smart move. Sherman’s preparation for plays was always better than his athleticism. What do y’all think about his pass rush? ‘Cause I thought it was well timed, well executed and nothing short of crushing. Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson passed for an impressive 236 yards, completely nailing Kaepernick and fellow 49er Michael Crabtree to the wall. In comparison to Wilson, Kaepernick was only 16 for 29 for 121 yards! Thanksgiving and Black Friday, they say? Sadness for San Francisco, I say.

buy custom What Makes Hills Like White Elephant a Fine Story essay

buy custom What Makes Hills Like White Elephant a Fine Story essay Hills Like White Elephants was first published in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway. The story is based on a young couple faced with drastic decisions in life. Although the story did not mention a word like abortion, Hemingway used his powerful literary knowledge and skills to drive the idea home. This paper will basically focus on analyzing what makes Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway a fine story. Even after such a long time since its publication many still considers the Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway a great story. His plain-style prose and iceberg principle makes the story more enjoyable to the reader. He only shares enough about the couple to keep the reader interested but omits some details deliberately in order to arouse the readers mind into critical thinking. He exercised authentic writing which helped him translate his emotional experiences into a story. Bearing in mind that the author wanted to put across a sensitive issue of abortion, screening of the words was very important. Hills like white elephants is a story involving a couple who argued on whether to undertake an abortion or not. And since at that time abortion was universally illegal and a taboo, the author used his artistic credibility to put his message across. Throughout the story, Hemingway delibeately withheld some key details like the physical descriptions of the couple and occupation of the male protagonist. The reader is therefore required to join up the disjointed conversation between the two in order to establish a flow. However, reading through the story help us to notice that the girl named Jig resisted her companions idea of abortion. This is seen when the girl started to pose some empty questions to the man. Hemingway (1) she asked, Thats all we do, isnt it-look at things and try new drinks? The girl was also able to realize that her lover did not share her vision of a happier future. She said, And we could have all thiswe could have everything and every day we make it more impossible (Hemingway 2). The story however leaves the reader wondering what really happened to the couple, whether Jig accepted the demands of her boyfriend and thus board the train to Madrid for the abortion, or whether she resisted the move and opted to be ar the child terms alone. The confusion arises when the girl finally seemed to agree with the man by saying, Theyre lovely hills.they dont really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees (Hemingway 1). Hills Like White Elephants is connoted by symbolism throughout. Thiis is shown by Jigs symbolic freight of words like, They look like white elephants (Hemingway 1). In addition the author used poetic simile in order to bring out the contrast between the two. For instance, when Jig said, They look like white elephants, the American responded, Ive never seen one, then she said, No, you wouldnt have. But the man said, I might haveJust because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything (Hemingway 1). The hills symbolized the girls fertility, while the white elephant symbolized her unborn baby. Hemingway also used his technical crafting to make the story more demanding to the reader. Sarcasm is used when the man tried to convince the girl to undertake the abortion procedure and she said, I will because I dont care about me (Hemingway 2). This is an expression that automatically shows her feelings towards the whole process. The author also used suspense skills to make the story more ambiguous, and this left the readers wondering of what transpired afterwards. Symbolisms, similes, sarcasm and deliberate omissions of details make the story more fascinating and enjoyable to read. The combination of all this makes Hills Like White Elephants a fine story too. Buy custom What Makes "Hills Like White Elephant" a Fine Story essay

Sinking of the Lusitania - World War I

Sinking of the Lusitania - World War I Sinking of the Lusitania - Conflict Dates: RMS Lusitania was torpedoed on May 7, 1915, during World War I (1914-1918). Sinking of the Lusitania - Background: Launched in 1906, by John Brown Co. Ltd. of Clydebank, RMS Lusitania was a luxury liner built for the famed Cunard Line. Sailing on the trans-Atlantic route, the ship gained a reputation for speed and won the Blue Riband for the fastest eastbound crossing in October 1907. As with many ships of its type, Lusitania was partially funded by a government subsidy scheme which called for the ship to be converted for use as an armed cruiser during wartime. While the structural requirements for such a conversion were incorporated into Lusitanias design, gun mounts were added to the ships bow during an overhaul in 1913. To hide these from passengers, the mounts were covered with coils of heavy docking lines during voyages. With the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Cunard was permitted to retain Lusitania in commercial service as the Royal Navy decided that large liners consumed too much coal and required crews too large to be effective raiders. Other Cunard ships were not as lucky as Mauritania and Aquitania were drafted into military service. Though it remained in passenger service, Lusitania underwent several wartime modifications including the addition of several additional compass platforms and cranes, as well as the painting black of its distinctive red funnels. In an effort to reduce costs, Lusitania began operating on a monthly sailing schedule and Boiler Room #4 was shut down. This latter move reduced the ships top speed to around 21 knots, which still made it the fastest liner operating in the Atlantic. It also allowed Lusitania to be ten knots faster than German u-boats. Sinking of Lusitania - Warnings: On February 4, 1915, the German government declared the seas around the British Isles to be a war zone and that beginning February 18, Allied ships in the area would be sunk without warning. As Lusitania was scheduled to reach Liverpool on March 6, the Admiralty provided Captain Daniel Dow with instructions on how to avoid submarines. With the liner approaching, two destroyers were dispatched to escort Lusitania into port. Unsure whether the approaching warships were British or German, Dow eluded them and reached Liverpool on his own. The following month, Lusitania departed for New York on April 17, with Captain William Thomas Turner in command. The commodore of the Cunard fleet, Turner was an experienced mariner and reached New York on the 24th. During this time, several concerned German-American citizens approached the German embassy in an effort to avoid controversy should the liner be attacked by a u-boat. Taking their concerns to heart, the embassy placed ads in fifty American newspapers on April 22 warning that neutral travelers aboard British-flagged vessels en route to the war zone sailed at their own risk. Usually printed next to Lusitanias sailing announcement, the German warning caused some agitation in the press and concern among the ships passengers. Citing that the ships speed made it nearly invulnerable to attack, Turner and his officers worked to calm those aboard. Sailing on May 1 as scheduled, Lusitania departed Pier 54 and began its return voyage. While the liner was crossing the Atlantic, U-20, commanded by Captain Lieutenant Walther Schwieger, was operating off the west and south coasts of Ireland. Between May 5 and 6, Schwieger sank three merchant vessels. Sinking of the Lusitania - Loss: His activity led the Admiralty, who was tracking his movements via intercepts, to issue submarine warnings for the south coast of Ireland. Turner twice received this message on May 6 and took several precautions including closing watertight doors, swinging out the lifeboats, doubling the lookouts, and blacking out the ship. Trusting the ships speed, he did not begin following a zi-zag course as recommended by the Admiralty. Upon receiving another warning around 11:00 AM on May 7, he turned northeast towards the coast, incorrectly believing that submarines would likely keep to the open sea. Possessing only three torpedoes and low on fuel, Schwieger had decided to return to base when a vessel was spotted around 1:00 PM. Diving, U-20 moved to investigate. Encountering fog, Turner slowed to 18 knots as the liner steered for Queenstown (Cosh), Ireland. As Lusitania crossed his bow, Schwieger opened fire at 2:10 PM. His torpedo hit the liner below the bridge on the starboard side. It was quickly followed by a second explosion in the starboard bow. While many theories have been put forward, the second was most likely caused by an internal steam explosion. Immediately sending an SOS, Turner tried steering the ship towards the coast with the goal of beaching it, but the steering failed to respond. Listing at 15 degrees, the engines pushed the ship forward, driving more water into the hull. Six minutes after the hit, the bow slipped under the water, which along with the increasingly list, severely hampered efforts to launch the lifeboats. As chaos swept the liners decks, many lifeboats were lost due to the ships speed or spilled their passengers as they were lowered. Around 2:28, eighteen minutes after the torpedo hit, Lusitania slipped beneath the waves approximately eight miles off the Old Head of Kinsale. Sinking of the Lusitania - Aftermath: The sinking claimed the lives of 1,198 of Lusitanias passengers and crew, with only 761 surviving. Among the dead were 128 American citizens. Immediately inciting international outrage, the sinking quickly turned public opinion against Germany and its allies. The German government attempted to justify the sinking by stating that Lusitania was classified as an auxiliary cruiser and was carrying military cargo. They were technically correct on both counts, as Lusitania was under orders to ram u-boats and its cargo included a shipment of bullets, 3-inch shells, and fuses. Outraged at the death of American citizens, many in the United States called for President Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany. While encouraged by the British, Wilson refused and urged restraint. Issuing three diplomatic notes in May, June, and July, Wilson affirmed the rights of US citizens to travel safely at sea and warned that future sinkings would be viewed as deliberately unfriendly. Following the sinking of the liner SS Arabic in August, American pressure bore fruit as the Germans offered an indemnity and issued orders prohibiting their commanders from surprise attacks on merchant vessels. That September, the Germans halted their campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare. Its resumption, along with other provocative acts such as the Zimmermann Telegram, would ultimately pull the United States into the conflict. Selected Sources PBS: Lost Liners - LusitaniaFirst World War: Sinking of the LusitaniaThe Lusitania

Yale researchers unravel genetics of dyslexia and language impairment Assignment

Yale researchers unravel genetics of dyslexia and language impairment - Assignment Example Apart from genetic variants, Peart also claims that prenatal exposure to nicotine also predisposes children to dyslexia and language impairment (Peart 1). According to him, earlier diagnosis of challenges associated with dyslexia and language impairment will aid significantly in managing the associated complications. To achieve this, Peart asserts that it is crucial for the genetic components of reading as well as verbal language to be observed as earlier as possible. Additionally, he claims that most of the learning disabilities are as a result of dyslexia and language impairment. Thus, it is evident that his article provides detailed information on dyslexia and language impairment which enhances effective intervention of dyslexia and language impairment. The article enables persons suffering from the diseases understand the causes of their reading disabilities. Additionally, the article succeeds in making the families of the victims of dyslexia as well as language impairment seek for early interventions which as a result leads to effective

The effects of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis on the Thai Economy Essay

The effects of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis on the Thai Economy - Essay Example The crisis that the United States experienced that began way back summer of 1987 made way to the pullback to its economy and the world. Economic recession did a domino effect in the global financial crisis. How ever, as the member of the first world country recovers from the crisis, consequences still felt on some of the fast developing countries like Thailand. Economic recovery globally has been a sudden and immediate focus of the countries among Asian nations. The lost of many jobs are expected to happen in the United States and Europe in the coming year and with regard to this, a higher rate of unemployment is very hard to predict globally. Thailand as apart of the Asian nations would also be affected by the crisis as a whole. With the economy that depends on the exportation and importation, Thailand’s economy will be expected to be tumbling down and in effect would be reducing growth and unemployment. Thailand as a part of the global imbalances as it has been manifested in the recent years, will have to double work considering that it has also its own internal difficulties politically in dealing with the policies with the government. In spite the fact that Thailand’s government has been working so hard and ambitiously aiming to build a stronger economy in the middle of the global financial crisis, confusion and disorder among the people are manifested and has become a serious internal problem between the government and the people. Crisis Impact to the Economy of Thailand There are two financial crises that Thailand experiences with in the span of ten years; 1997-1998 and 2007-2008. The first part of the financial crisis was so damaging and required many years to recover. In fact, upon recovering, the country is able to achieve and attain a higher and promising private investment growth in its economy and established good reputation to be a destination of foreign capital. During this time, the country recorded rapid development and sustained th e growth of economy but still, the financial system shows vulnerability to the shocks of global crisis and became unstable (Ahmed & Islam 2010 ,p.66). The recent crisis which is the 2008 is merely different from the first one. Although in this crisis, Thailand is not much involve in debts compared to last time. Facing the reality that the country cannot escape from the issue of global crisis, in what way does the issue impacts the economy of Thailand? As it has being known that Thailand after the last crisis increasingly depends on the global economy. When the global crisis burst and the damage is felt and seen among some major institutions in the United States and European countries, credit-default is experienced, shocked the financial market, it is expected that that the real and deep effect of the crisis be seen and felt in the industrialized countries. Thailand has not seen and felt the direct effect of the global crisis during the first wave. The second wave of the crisis broug ht panic globally which resulted to freezing in the credit market and the global stock market meltdown. This time, Thailand economy was not able to escape as the stock market index fluctuated where billions of dollars were lost in few months time (Chirathivat 2011). The weakening of the economy transcends business programs between the bank of Thailand and the business firms all over the country during 2008. A serious

Organisation structure of the bakhresa group of companies

Organisation structure of the bakhresa group of companies Identify the strand of organisation structure and innovation approach used by the Bakhresa Group. Is it organic or mechanistic structure followed by the Bakhresa Group? Among the two which one is more suitable to innovation and why? How can Bakhresa Group manage the tension between the need for creativity and efficiency? Discuss the main organisational characteristics that facilitate the innovation process in the Bakhresa Group. Explain the key individual roles within the innovation process and the activities they perform in the Bakhresa Group. How did Bakhresa Group establish innovative environment that propagates the virtuous circle of innovation? Explain its features. This is a case study analysis report of the Bakhresa Group of companies of Tanzania, with special focus of its innovation management that led it to achieve a remarkable growth and market leadership in the country and beyond. Bakhresa Group is one of the leading Industrial Houses in Tanzania, East Africa. Started in a humble manner with a small restaurant in the Port City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in mid-seventies, it has now emerged as a respected business group in the Region. The Group has its operations spread in Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia and most recently in Mozambique. Plans are in place to spread its wings to other countries. The group now boasts of a turnover of more than Three Hundred Million United Sates Dollars and is a proud employer of more than two thousand employees associated directly. There are several companies under its umbrella and have investments mainly in Food and Beverage Sector, Packaging, Logistics and Real Estate. The study will analyse the role of organisation structure, the organisational characteristics in general and individual roles that propagate and facilitate innovative environment within the Bakhresa group and how successfully they have managed it. The analysis is based on the hand-out information about the group prepared for this purpose, as well as the Bakhresa Group website (2010). Most of the concepts and theories that precedes each item of analysis are based on the textbook by Paul Trott-Innovation Management and New product Development -4th Edition (2008); others textbooks and websites have been used to complement the mentioned references. This report starts by providing background information about the group, regarding its organisations; products and services in section one. To be followed by five sections one for each analysis item, that is; organisation structure and innovation, managing the tension between the need for efficiency and creativity, organisational characteristics that facilitate innovation, the key individual roles within the innovation process and establishing an innovative environment that propagate virtuous circle. BACKGROUND BAKHRESA GROUP OF COMPANIES TANZANIA Bakhresa Group is composed of Said Salim Bakhresa Co.s, Bakhresa Food Products ltd and large collection of other companies of various industries such as transport and logistics and real-estate. The group started in 1980s and ever since it has steadily been expanding its borders from Tanzania to the neighbouring countries and has been gaining a lot of market force over time. The group currently operates in the Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda, Mozambique, Zambia and Zanzibar Mission To increase and sustain the living standards of Africans by providing them with essential products and services of global quality at affordable prices. To exceed customers expectations through innovation and harnessing technology. Vision To be one of the internationally respected and professionally managed companies in the African Continent. To spread our wings to the other parts of the globe. Their values include passion for success, commitment to stakeholders and employees as well as mutual trust and social responsibility. Figure 1. Subsidiaries companies under Bakhresa Group Source (Bakhresa.com 2010) In the Bakhresa Group, the organization is treated as an instrument for achieving established goals, in which the members of the organization are made to serve these goals and rewards are given to motivate them. The organization structure contributes to the dominance of the technology-push model of innovation. On the one hand Bakhresa Group requires stability and static routines to accomplish the daily tasks efficiently and quickly and on the other hand, Bakhresa Group also needs to develop new ideas and new products to be competitive in future and it needs to nurture a creative environment where ideas can be tested and developed. The channel of communication is highly structured, there is restricted information flow, and operating styles are uniform and restricted. Authority for decision is based on formal line management position and the management is reluctant to adapt to changing circumstances. The management of the Bakhresa Group is committed to long-term growth rather than short-term profit and the organization is willing to invest in the long-term development of technology and is aware of its threats and opportunities. The Bakhresa Group engages commercial scanner, gatekeeper and project leader and sponsor to facilitate the innovation process. The Bakhresa Group, given the importance of innovation, has spent enormous sums of money trying to develop an environment that fosters innovation. The Bakhresa Group is aware of developing a reputation for innovation which helps propagate a virtuous circle that reinforces Groups abilities. The Bakhresa Group has established companies dealing with variety of products from manufacturing of Food and Beverage Sector, Packaging, Logistics and Real Estate and has become a market leader because of innovation and entrepreneurship. Figure 2 below shows a variety of products/ services offered by the Bakhresa group. Source (Bakhresa.com 2010) The new and different product added to the list of achievements marks the creativeness abilities and adds to value, and enhance the competitive edge of the company. For example, the launching of state of the art packaging industries for food and beverage products as well as the technological advancement on the telecommunication via satellites. 1. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES AND INNOVATION Identify the strand of organisation structure and innovation approach used by the Bakhresa Group. Is it organic or mechanistic structure followed by the Bakhresa Group? Among the two which one is more suitable to innovation and why? Organizational Structures Organizational structure refers to the way that an organization arranges people and jobs so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. When a work group is very small and face-to-face communication is frequent, formal structure may be unnecessary, but in a larger organization decisions have to be made about the delegation of various tasks. Thus, procedures are established that assign responsibilities for various functions. It is these decisions that determine the organizational structure. In an organization of any size or complexity, employees responsibilities typically are defined by what they do, who they report to, and for managers, who reports to them. (Referenceforbusiness 2010) Innovation Innovation is the act of developing a new process or product and introducing it to the market. It is essentially an entrepreneurial act, whether it takes place in a start-up firm, a large organization, a not-for-profit, or a public-sector agency. Innovation means change: sometimes radical change, such as the development of the computer, and sometimes incremental change, such as the modification of existing computer software (Referenceforbusiness 2010) Innovation is the act of introducing something new or doing something in a different way. Innovation in business differs from creativity in that the latter is generally associated with the generation of new ideas. In contrast, innovation refers to taking those new ideas and actually implementing them in the marketplace. Thus, creativity is simply one element of the innovation process through which new ideas lead to new products, procedures, or services. Business scholars often attribute company success to innovation. Because of growing  international competition,  innovation became even more vital for companies toward the end of the 20th century (Referenceforbusiness 2010) Organizational Structures and Innovation The structure of an organization is the sum total of ways in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and then achieves coordination among them. One of the problems is recognizing that different groups within an organization behave differently and interact with different parts of the wider external environment. None the less, there have been numerous useful studies exploring the link between the organizational structure and innovative performance. (Trott 2008) Organizational structures can be sorted between organic and mechanistic. Organizational cultural also plays a big role when implementing change. Some resistance forces we are likely to encounter are within our organization. Once the organizational structure and cultural attribute is determined then the designing process can begin. Organic and mechanistic are on different ends of the spectrum. In contingency theory, the term organic structure is used to describe an organizational structure that is designed to promote flexibility so that employees can initiate change and adapt quickly to changing conditions (George Jones, 2005, p. 508). This flexible structure is more like a team environment in which all the employees are able to handle any of the tasks. In contingency theory, the term mechanistic structure is used to describe an organizational structure that is designed to induce employees to behave in predictable, accountable ways (George Jones, 2005, p. 508). All of the employees working in a mechanistic structure have assigned duties that they must perform and are prohibited to take on additional duties unless they are told so by management.(associated content 2010) Through their Theory of Mechanistic and Organic Systems, Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker (1961) have provided a way to understand which organization forms fit to specific circumstances of change or stability. In their highly influential work The Management of Innovation, they provide the following characteristics of Mechanic vs. Organic Systems: Mechanistic vs Organic Organization Structure Mechanistic Organization Form   / Management System Organic Organization Form   / Management System Appropriate Conditions Stable Changing Distribution of tasks Specialized differentiation of functional tasks into which the problems and tasks facing a concern as a whole are broken down Contributive nature of special knowledge and experience to the common task of the concern Nature of Individual task The abstract nature of each individual task, which is pursued with techniques and purposes more or less distinct from those of the concern as a whole: i.e., the functionaries tend to pursue the technical improvements of means, rather than the accomplishment of the ends of the concern The realistic nature of the individual task, which is seen as set by the total situation of the concern Who (re)defines tasks The reconciliation, for each level in the hierarchy, of these distinct performances by the immediate superiors, who are also, in turn, responsible for seeing that each is relevant in his own special part of the main task The adjustment and continual redefinition of individual tasks through interaction with others Task scope The precise definition of rights and obligations and technical methods attached to each functional role The shedding of responsibility as a limited field of rights, obligations and methods (problems may not be posted upwards, downwards or sideways as being someone elses responsibility) How is task conformance ensured The translation of rights and obligations and methods into the responsibilities of a functional position The spread of commitment to the concern beyond any technical definition Structure of control, authority and communication Hierarchic, Contractual Network, Presumed Community of Interest Locating of knowledge Reinforcement of the hierarchic structure by the location of knowledge of actualities exclusively at the top of the hierarchy, where the final reconciliation of distinct tasks and assessment of relevance is made Omniscience no longer imputed to the head of the concern; knowledge about the technical or commercial nature of the here and now may be located anywhere in the network Communication between members of concern Vertical; i.e., between superior and subordinate Lateral; i.e., between people of different rank, resembling consultation rather than command Governance for operations and working behavior Instructions and decisions issued by superiors Information and advice rather than instructions and decisions Values Insistence on loyalty to the concern and obedience to superiors as a condition of membership Commitment to the concerns task and to the technological ethos of material progress and expansion is more highly valued than loyalty and obedience Prestige Greater importance and prestige attaching to internal (local) than to general (cosmopolitan) knowledge, experience, and skill Importance and prestige attach to affiliations and expertise valid in the industrial and technical and commercial milieux external to the firm It is evident that among the two organisation structures, the Organic one is more suitable for promoting and fostering innovation within an organization as it encourages creativity; has values of Commitment to the concerns task and to the technological ethos of material progress and expansion that mostly requires creativeness and new innovations; allow free flow of communication and flexibility and adaptation to changing circumstances; The Bakhresa group seems to follow the Mechanistic organization structure, because their channel of communication is highly structured, there is restricted information flow, and operating styles are uniform and restricted. Authority for decision is based on formal line management position and the management is reluctant to adapt to changing circumstances. Mechanistic organization structure tends to offer a less suitable environment for managing the creativity and the innovation process. Because of its degree of formalisation, centralisation, Size and complexity of its organisation, Formalisation There is some evidence of an inverse relationship between formalization and innovation. That is an increase in formalization of procedures will result in a disease in innovative activity. Complexity Where these are several different type of professional groups are working in an organization, it would represent a complex organization Centralisation It refers to the decision making activity and the location of power within an organization. In a decentralized organization fewer levels of hierarchy are usually required: This tends to lead to more responsive decision making closer to the action. Organisational Size A small business with fewer employees differs significantly on terms of resources from an organization which is big size is a proxy variable for more meaningful dimensions such as economic and organization resources, including number of employees. (Trott 2010) MANAGEMENT TEAM BOARD OF DIRECTORS STRUCTURE Chairman, Bakhresa Group of Companies SAID SALIM AWADH BAKHRESA is the founding father and the Chairman of the Bakhresa Group Of Companies. He is a well-known industrialist in the mainland of Tanzania and island of Zanzibar. With a humble beginning as a small restaurateur in seventies, he created the business empire within a span of three decades. He is the mastermind behind the success of all the businesses within the group. His vision and excellent managerial skills contributed to the growth of this group to great heights. Executive Director of SS Bakhresa Co. ltd MOHAMED SAID BAKHRESA is the Managing Director of Bakhresa Grain Milling (Uganda) Limited and is the Executive Director Of Said Salim Bakhresa Company Limited. He is also holding Director-Ship in most of the Group Companies. Mr Mohamed is a graduate in finance, law and accounting from Southbank University, United Kingdom. He is a well-known industrialist in Uganda and Tanzania and is successfully managing Bakhresa Grain Milling (Uganda) Limited, which is the largest wheat milling industry in Uganda. Mr Mohamed is also actively involved in the policy decision making process of the Bakhresa Group Of Companies. Managing Director of Bakhresa Grain Milling ltd ABUBAKAR SAID SALIM BAKHRESA is the Managing Director of Bakhresa Grain Milling (Malawi) Limited and Bakhresa Grain Milling (Mozambique) Limitada. He also acts as Executive Director of Said Salim Bakhresa Co. Ltd. Mr. Abubakar has done his B.Sc in Business Administration, majoring in Finance from Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA. He is primarily involved in the wheat milling businesses of the Group and looks after the wheat procurement for the Group. Executive Director of Logistic Division of Bakhressa Group OMAR SAID SALIM BAKHRESA, a Mechanical Engineer, is the Executive Director in charge of the Logisitic Division of Said Salim Bakhresa Co Ltd. He has over a decade of experience in logistics transportation industry. Managing Director of Bakhresa Food Products Ltd YUSUF SAID SALIM BAKHRESA is the Managing Director of Bakhresa Food Products Limited and is holding Director-Ship in other Group Companies. He is actively involved in the day to day operations of Bakhresa Food Products, which is based in Tanzania and is successfully managing its operations. Senior Management Each Group Company/Division is professionally managed by a full complement of local/expatriate managers having expertise in their respective fields. Regardless of the mechanistic structure in use by the Bakhresa Group, its great achievements are obviously due to its continuous innovation in new products and new markets. One can conclude that due to the large size and complexity organisation of the Group as a whole, it is necessary to apply the centralisation and formalisation. But the style of operations and management at the subsidiary companies level may be allowing certain flexibility that is promoting creativity and innovation. 2. MANAGING THE TENSION BETWEEN THE NEED FOR CREATIVITY AND EFFICIENCY How can Bakhresa Group manage the tension between the need for creativity and efficiency? The Dilemma of Innovation Management Within virtually all organizations there is a fundamental tension between the need for stability and the need for creativity. On the one hand, companies require stability and static routines to accomplish daily tasks efficiently and quickly. This enables the organization to compete today. For example processing of millions of cheques by banks every day or delivery of food and beverage products by multiples to their retail outlets all over the country by the Bakhresa Food Products Ltd, demands high levels of efficiency and control. On the other hand, companies also need to develop new ideas and new products to be competitive in the future. Hence they need to nurture a creative environment where ideas can be tested and developed. This poses one of the most fundamental problems for management today. That is managing the tension between the need for creativity and efficiency. Efficiency gains The efficient day to day operations within an organization require stable routines which can be achieved in stable and controlled environments The development of new products/services requires creativity and room to try out new ideas this is achieved in a loose and flexible environment Creativity gains Take any medium to large company and examine its operations and activities. Every company has to ensure that their products are carefully manufactured to precise specifications and that they are delivered for customers on time day after day. In this hectic, repetitive and highly organized environment, the need to squeeze out any slack or inefficiencies is crucial to ensure a firms costs are lower than their competitors. However the long-term economic growth is dependent on the ability of firms to make improvements to products and manufacturing processes. This means that the firms need to make room for creativity and innovation, that is, allow slack in the system. Here then is the dilemma: how do firms try to reduce costs and slack to improve competitiveness on the one hand and then try to provide slack for innovation on the other? The firm has to do balancing: The firm needs to ensure there is a constant pressure to drive down costs and improve efficiency in its operations. At the sa me time it needs to provide room for new product development and improvements to be made the most obvious way forward is to separate production from R D. However there are many improvements and innovations that arise out of the operations of the firm. On the one hand Bakhresa Group requires stability and static routines to accomplish the daily tasks efficiently and quickly and on the other hand, Bakhresa Group also needs to develop new ideas and new products to be competitive in future and it needs to nurture a creative environment where ideas can be tested and developed. The Bakhresa group has shown that it can effectively manage this tension by the way it has been producing new and innovative products, while also managing to efficiently distribute its food products throughout the region. The diversification of the industry by entering into new businesses that support or complement existing businesses, such as manufacturing of packaging products by the Omar Packaging industries, as well as diversification of product range in the juice factories; at the same time the Group timely deliveries through its wide distribution network and logistic system shows that the Bakhresa Group well manages the tension between the need for need for creativity and efficiency. The group can do better management of this tension by ensuring that there is just enough slack at the subsidiaries or functional organisational level to foster creativity, but have stringent control at the higher management level of the Group to maintain its efficiency. Because this higher management which is the board of director of the group is the one that oversees the cross functional collaboration and integration of the various units that collaborate or complement each other in achieving its missions. For example the need to have frequent ferries to Zanzibar, so that fresh breads and ice-cream could be delivered on time. 3. ORGANISATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT FACILITATE THE INNOVATION PROCESS Discuss the main organisational characteristics that facilitate the innovation process in the Bakhresa Group Organizational Characteristics that Facilitate the Innovation Process The innovation process is complex in nature as it involves the relationship between the stimulus, capacity and performance of such innovation. This complex relationship need to be nurtured by favourable characteristics of the organisation such as growth orientation, vigilance, commitment to technology, acceptance of risk, cross functional cooperation, receptivity, slack, adaptability and diverse range of skills. Growth Orientation This is characterized by a commitment to long-term growth rather than short-term profit. Not all companies first and foremost objective is growth. Some companies are established merely to exploit a short-term opportunity, other companies would like to maintain the company at its existing size: the objective of innovative companies is to grow the business the actively plan for the long-term. Vigilance It is characterized by the ability of the organization to be aware of its threats and opportunities. Vigilance requires continual external scanning e.g. within the marketing function the activity would form part of market research and competitor analysis. Collecting valuable information is one thing, but relaying it to the necessary individuals and acting on it are two necessary associated requirements. An open communication system will help facilitate this Commitment to Technology It is characterized by the willingness to invest in the long-term development of technology. Most innovative firms exhibit patience in permitting ideas to geminate and develop overtime. These needs to be accompanied by a commitment to resources in terms of intellectual input without a long-term approach it would be extremely difficult for the company to attract good scientists. Acceptance of risk Acceptance of risk is characterized by the willingness to include risky opportunities in a balanced portfolio. It means the willingness to consider carefully risky opportunities. Ability to take calculated risks and include them in a balanced portfolio of projects. Cross-functional Cooperation It is characterized by mutual respect among individuals and a willingness to work together across functions. Inter-departmental conflict is a well-documented barrier to innovation. Often conflict has been observed between marketing and RD functions as the two groups often have very different interests. Receptivity: It is characterized by the ability to be aware of, to identify and take effective advantage of externally developed technology. Most technology based innovations involve a combination of several different technologies. It would be unusual for all the technology to be developed in house. That is why business are witnessing an increasing number of joint ventures and alliances. Slack It is characterized by an ability to manage the innovation dilemma and provide room for creativity while organizations place a great emphasis on the need for efficiency, there is also a need for a certain amount of slack to allow individuals room to think, experiment, discuss ideas and be creative. Adaptability: It is characterized by a readiness to accept change. The development of new product innovations will invariably lead to disruptions to established organizational activities. Major or radical innovations may result in significant changes, although the two are not necessarily linked. The organization must be ready to accept change in the way it manages its internal activities. Otherwise proposed innovations would be stifled due to a reluctance to alter existing ways of working or to learn new techniques. Diverse Range of Skills: It is characterized by a combination of specialization and diversity of knowledge and skills organizations require individuals of a hybrid nature who are able to understand a variety of technical subjects and facilitate the transfer of knowledge within the company. It is the ability of the organization to manage this diversity of knowledge skills effectively that lies at the heart of the innovation process. The management of the Bakhresa Group is committed to long-term growth rather than short-term profit and the organization is willing to invest in the long-term development of technology and is aware of its threats and opportunities. The Bakhresa group is heavily investing in its profitable companies such as those of grain mills, by purchasing newer and higher capacity plants, as well as by expanding into new markets abroad. They have bought and renovated grain mills in Malawi, and build a new one in Uganda and Rwanda. Bakhresa group is vigilant on its environment, and has been able to capture emerging opportunities of privatisation programmes in Tanzania and elsewhere (Malawi) to start businesses. Has been able to capture the interest of International financing partners to start a business at the port of Nacala in Mozambique. The group is investing in latest technologies across all the industries its operating, it has purchased new plants and mills from Italy and Sweden, it has ordered brand new ferry boats from Australia. Its communication company SatAfrik ltd is utilising latest satellite, GPS and GSM technologies; and it effectively support its transport and logistics companies. The group has strong Cross-functional Cooperation; because most of the companies were established with a view to integrate with the existing companies and businesses. Packaging company was established to support grain mills and food products, transport and logistics companies to run efficient distribution and supplies Bakhresa group has good receptivity of technologies developed in other areas such as Europe and Australia. It provides some amount of slack for creativity behaviour although it does not easily adapt to changing environment. The group shows the diverse range of skills from its top management to the other members of functional areas. It has business management experts, engineers, logistics, marketing and great sales force. 4. KEY INDIVIDUAL ROLES WITHIN THE INNOVATION PROCESS Explain the key individual roles within the innovation process and the activities they perform in the Bakhresa Group The Role of the individual in the innovation Process Innovation process is essentially a people process and that organizational structure, formal decision making processes, delegation of authority and other formal aspects of a so-called well-run company are not necessary conditions for successful technological innovation. The study of Rubenstein has revealed that certain individuals had fulfilled a variety of roles that had contributed to successful technological innovation. (Trott 2010) GATEKEEPERS These people collect and channel information about changes in the technical environment. They stay current with events and ideas through personal contacts, professional meetings, and news media. When gatekeepers find relevant information, they send it to the appropriate person or unit for follow up. IDEA GENERATORS This role involves analysis of information about new technologies, products, or procedures in order to yield a new idea for the company. The fresh idea may be innovative solution to an existing problem in product or business development or the identification of a new marketplace opportunity. CHAMPIONS Champions advocate and push for the new idea. This role involves obtaining and applying the resources and staff to demonstrate the ideas feasibility. Champions are concerned about results, not risk, and do not spend time studying the consequences of failure. Their mission is to remove obstacles. PROJECT MANAGERS Someone has to draw up schedules and budgets; arrange periodic information session and status reports; coordinate labour,

Secrets of Finding and Keeping Good Employees

Lebanese American University Business Department Management Theory Secrets of Finding and Keeping Good Employees Presented to: Dr. N. Beyruti Presented by: Mahdi El Horchi Hussein Marmar Date: 02/10/2006 Introduction: In our days, employment became a hard process in which many managers are complaining about it. In addition, hiring good employees is essential to run a good business on a daily basis and for a long run. Thus, employees would be the heart and the soul of a business. On the other hand, Interviewing is an important process in the preselection of good employees and so opening a gate to have the right person in the right position. Interviewing is an art of gathering information and trying to learn about candidates before selection. Furthermore, Recruitment is a chain of events that could have sequential and disastrous consequences. Thus, designing a good interview should not address or talk about job requirements before the interview starts. On the other side, many savvy applicants could mask their true capabilities and thus inaccurate image could be drawn. Interview Requirements: The interview process should: – Define the position that the applicant is admitting for. – Address questions specific to the position and requires conscious behavior. Check or test the ability of interviewer to do the interview. – Be more scientific and less emotional – Check the steps that are taken for the final hiring process. – Avoid group interviewing that would become a â€Å"game of tag† Consequences of Bad Employment: Bad employees not only affect an employer by driving down sales, co sting the company unwanted expenses due to negligence or simple lack of motivation, but affect customer as well. In addition, wrong decisions and demotivated employees could lead to: – Heightened feelings of stress for the employee in his daily work. – A chain of disastrous events that does irreparable damage. An increase in absenteeism. – Frustrated and angry mangers that try to employ motivation techniques; KITA (kick-in-the-ankle) – A â€Å"lose-lose† situation for all company stakeholders. Hiring Strategies: Selecting and hiring candidates could take several forms: – Interviewing to check the background of the interviewer – Personality characteristics assessments. – Abilities assessments – Interest assessments – Integrated assessments. These assessments facilitate dramatically the hiring process by identifying the thinking styles, occupational interests and behavioral traits and allow the visualization of the â€Å"total person†. To complete the assessment process behavior tendencies play an important role in increasing individual productivity by identifying personal accommodation , assertiveness, attitudes, energy level, independence, objective judgment, sociability, manageability and decisiveness. Keeping and Maintaining Good Employees: As important as attracting good employees is, it is just as important to retain them. As always, benefit packages help to retain employees. After spending as much time as you should have in attracting good employees, it only makes sense that you would go to certain lengths to keep them. Essential tools in keeping and maintaining good employees: – Offer opportunities for personal growth. – Build an organization culture that appreciates personal achievement and performance. – Construct a newsletter that nominates the employee-of-the-month. – Sustain a comfortable environment that empowers employees. – Understand that many employees are motivated by their social networks at work. – Encourage team involvement. – Make benefits more accessible. – Create clear paths at the company. – Share challenges and successes. Hiring and retaining good employees goes hand in hand; and the assessment process should be tested for their ability and reliability to establish a â€Å"win-win† situation for people to be happier, produce more and experience less stress. In addition organizational culture should build into it an employer recognition and appreciation to look to their strengths over their weaknesses and their power over their problems. Finally, companies should be aware of matching the right person to the right job and secure its employees in a more convenient and comfortable environment.

Mental Illness and Health Care for the Mentally Ill Essay

Case Study Mental Illness has a broad spectrum in the definition of mental illness; any of various psychiatric conditions, usually characterized by impairment of an individual’s normal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, and caused by physiological or psychosocial factors. Also called mental disease, mental disorder. The broad definition also includes that a mental illness is dependent upon a society’s norm and whether corresponding behaviors go against these norms and whether corresponding behaviors considered ad either deviance or even as a mental illness. Mental illness is a disease in the mind and should be consider and treated as such. In the same manner that a physical illness it treated. Thus, considering†¦show more content†¦With thinking this way provided that only the people with serious mental issues should be the ones institutionalized, and along with the development of many antipsychotic drugs, this reinforced the idea of deinstitutionalization. Many people had many opinion that exist upon this situation. Also there are those who stand by it, and on the other hand, many people oppose it because many former patients along with those who have cases that need treatment were affected, leaving them with no place to go – either living on the streets or in unstable living conditions. There are many individuals who are dosed with antipsychotic drugs to â€Å"treat† the problems, but instead, are left feeling much less human than can be fathomed, and are not receiving any type of care. To state that deinstitutionalization is a bad place is quite true in these days and times various benefits exist as well. Mental institutions are less crowded, and many individuals with mental illnesses are now living normal lives. There are many resources that exist in today’s society, the development of advocacy and support groups, which improves upon these people’s lives and increasing public access to necessary treatment and mental help programs. 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